BD Demystified

Table of Contents

• List of Figures and Tables
• Foreword by Andy Parsons
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
  • About Blu-ray Disc™
  • Movies, Television Shows, and More
  • About This Book
  • Units and Notation
  • Other Conventions
Chapter 1 – The Development of Blu-ray Disc
• A Brief History of Storage Technology
• TV’s Digital Face-Lift
• The CD Revolution
• The Long Gestation of DVD
• Format Wars, the Next Generation
• Chapter 2 – Technology Primer
  • Understanding Digital and Analog
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  • Pits and Marks and Error Corrections
  • Layers
  • The Two HDs – High Definition and High Density
  • The World’s Television Systems
  • Frame Rates
  • High-Definition Image Resolutions
  • Chroma Subsampling and Bit Depth
  • High-Definition Data Streams
  • Bird Over the Phone: Understanding Video Compression
  • Advanced Video Codecs
  • Birds Revisited: Understanding Audio Compression
  • Speakers Everywhere
  • A Few Timely Words About Jitter
  • Pegs and Holes: Understanding Aspect Ratios
  • Widescreen Displays
  • Why 16:9
  • The Transfer Tango
  • More on Interlaced vs. Progressive Scanning
  • New Display Technologies
  • HD Discs Meet HD Video Meet HD Television
• Chapter 3 – Features
  • Building on DVD Features
  • The Makeover from DVD to Blu-ray Disc
  • Network Connection
  • Persistent Storage and Local Storage
  • Authorized Copying and Authorized Recording
• Chapter 4 – Content Protection, Licensing, and Patents
  • Implementing Content Protection
  • Advanced Access Content System (AACS)
  • AACS Managed Copy
  • BD-ROM Mark
  • BD+
  • Content Protection on Recordable Discs
  • Watermarking
  • Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP)
  • High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP)
  • Summary of Protection Schemes
  • The Analog Sunset
  • Regional Management
  • Ramifications of Content Protection
• Chapter 5 – Physical Disc Formats
  • BD-ROM Mastering
  • BD-ROM Composition and Production
  • BD-RE Composition
  • BD-R Composition
  • BD Error Correction
  • BD Data Modulation
  • BD-R/RE Recording
  • Phase-Change Recording
  • Burst Cutting Area (BCA)
  • Hybrid Discs
  • Media Storage and Longevity
  • Improvement over DVD
• Chapter 6 – Application Details
  • BDAV
  • Organizational Structure
  • BDMV
  • Presentation Data
  • Paths and Subpaths
  • BD-ROM Application Types
  • Presentation Planes
  • Organization Structure
  • Navigation Data
  • User Interaction
  • Video Formats
  • Advanced Video Applications
  • Audio Formats
  • Presentation Graphics
  • Parental Management
  • Metadata
  • HDMV Details
  • HDMV Graphics Limitations
  • Interactive Audio
  • Browsable Slideshow
  • BD-Java (BD-J) Details
  • System Overview
  • BD-J Application Programming Interface (API)
  • BD-J Menus
  • Graphics Drawing
  • BD-J Text
  • Advanced BD-J Features
  • Local Storage
  • Virtual File System
  • BD-Live Functionality
  • Application Signing
  • Credential Process
• Chapter 7 – Players
  • High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
  • DisplayPort Interface Standard
  • Upscaling DVD
  • Player Types
  • Blu-ray Disc Recorders
  • Player Connections
  • BD Player User Tools
  • How to Get the Best Picture and Sound
  • Viewing Distance
  • Compatibility
• Chapter 8 – Myths
  • Myth: “Blu-ray is Revolutionary”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Will Fail”
  • Myth: “We’ll Soon Get Everything from the Internet and Discs Will Go the Way of Dinosaurs”
  • Myth: “Some Discs Won’t Play If the Player Doesn’t Have an Internet Connection”
  • Myth: “BD-Live Discs Don’t Work on All Players
  • Myth: “Profile 2 (BD-Live) Players and Discs Make Previous Players Obsolete”
  • Myth: “Profile 3 and Profile 4 or Future Profiles Will Make Previous Players Obsolete”
  • Myth: “The BDA Will Soon Mandate that All BD Players Have an Internet Connection”
  • Myth: “If You Unplug Your Profile 2 (BD-Live) Player From the Internet It Will Stop Working”
  • Myth: “AACS, BD+, and BD-Live Allow Studios to Spy on Consumers”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Doesn’t Look Any Better Than Upconverted DVD”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Players Downconvert Analog Video”
  • Myth: “DVD Players Can Be Upgraded to Play Blu-ray Discs”
  • Myth: “Older Blu-ray Players Can Be Upgraded to New Profiles”
  • Myth: “Existing Receivers with Dolby Digital and DTS Decoding Work Perfectly With Blu-ray Players”
  • Myth: “Analog Connections from DVD Players and Blu-ray Players Won’t Work with US TVs After the February 2009 Analog Cutoff”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Manufacturing Is Too Intricate and Too Expensive”
  • Myth: “The Blu-ray Disc Association Prohibits Adult Content”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Is a Worldwide Standard”
  • Myth: “1080p Video is Twice the Resolution of 1080i”
  • Myth: “All Blu-ray Titles are (or Must Be) Encoded in 1080p”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Players Only Output 1080i Video”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Does Not Support Mandatory Managed Copy”
  • Myth: “Managed Copy Means Every Blu-ray Disc Can be Copied For Free”
  • Myth: “BD+ Interferes With Managed Copy”
  • Myth: “Region Codes Don’t Apply to Computers”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Players Can’t Play CDs or DVDs”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Is Better Because It Is Digital”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Video is Poor Because It Is Compressed”
  • Myth: “Video Compression Does Not Work for Animation”
  • Myth: “Discs Are Too Fragile to Be Rented”
  • Myth: “Dolby Digital or DTS Means 5.1 Channels”
  • Myth: “The Audio Level from Blu-ray Players Is Too Low”
  • Myth: “Downmixed Audio Is Not Good Because the LFE Channel Is Omitted”
  • Myth: “Blu-ray Lets You Watch Movies as They Were Meant to Be Seen”
  • Myth: “Java and JavaScript Are the Same Thing”
  • Myth: “All Blu-ray Discs Must Use AACS”
  • Myth: “AACS Is Required for HDMV, BD-J, Network Access, or Local Storage Access”
• Chapter 9 – What’s Wrong with Blu-ray Disc?
  • Copy Protection
  • Regional Management
  • Hollywood Baggage on Computers
  • NTSC versus PAL Is Also 60 Hertz versus 50 Hertz
  • Connection Incompatibilities
  • Playback Incompatibilities
  • Poor Performance
  • Feeble Support of Parental Choice Features
  • Not Better Enough
  • No Reverse Play
  • Only Two Aspect Ratios
  • No Barcode Standard
  • No External Control Standard
  • Poor Computer Compatibility
  • Limited Web Standard
  • Too Many Encoding Formats
  • Too Many Inputs
  • Too Many Channels
  • Not Enough Interactivity
  • Too Much Interactivity
  • Conclusion
• Chapter 10 – Interactivity
  • Recreating DVD’s Success
  • A New Kind of Interactivity
  • The Seamless User Experience
  • Target Applications
  • Additional Features
  • Specialized User Input
• Chapter 11 – Use in Business and Education
  • The Appeal of Blu-ray
  • The Appeal of Blu-ray for Video
  • The Appeal of Blu-ray for Data
• Chapter 12 – Production Essentials
  • Blu-ray Disc Project Examples
  • General BD Production
  • Tasks and Skills
  • The BD Production Process
  • Persistent Storage
  • Network Connected Features – BD-Live
  • Project Design
  • Menu Design
  • Navigation Design
  • Balancing the Bit Budget
  • Asset Preparation
  • The Zen of Subwoofers
  • Slipping Synchronization
  • Preparing Subtitles
  • Preparing Graphics
  • Video Artifacts
  • Putting It All Together (Authoring)
  • Formatting and Output
  • Testing and Quality Control
  • Replication, Duplication, and Distribution
  • Disc Labeling
  • Package Design
  • Production Maxims
  • BD-ROM Production
  • Hybrid Discs
• Chapter 13 – Blu-ray and Beyond
  • Looking Back at DVD
  • Peering Forward...Into the Digital Fog
  • Beyond Blu-ray
  • The Death of DVD?
  • Seeing Double
  • The Changing Face of Home Entertainment
  • The Far Horizon
• Appendix A - About the Disc
• Appendix B – Reference Data
• Appendix C – Related Standards and Specifications
• Appendix D – References and Information Sources
• Glossary
• Index

List of Figures and Tables

• Chapter 1 – Introduction
  • Table I.1 Meaning of Prefixes
  • Table I.2 Media Gigabyte Conversions
  • Table I.3 Notations Used in This Book
• Chapter 1 – The Development of Blu-ray Disc
• Figure 1.1 Punched Card and Optical Disc
• Chapter 2 – Technology Primer
• Figure 2.1 Optical Disc Pits
• Figure 2.2 Number Squares
• Figure 2.3 Optical Disc Layers
• Figure 2.4 Run-length Compression Example
• Figure 2.5 Color and Luminance Sensitivity of the Eye
• Figure 2.6 Block Transforms and Quantization
• Figure 2.7 Typical MPEG Picture Sequence
• Figure 2.8 MPEG Video Compression Example
• Figure 2.9 Frequency Masking and Hearing Threshold
• Figure 2.10 Effects of Interface Jitter
• Figure 2.11 Effects of Sampling Jitter
• Figure 2.12 TV Shape vs. Movie Shape
• Figure 2.13 Peg and Hole
• Figure 2.14 Shrink the Peg
• Figure 2.15 Slice the Peg
• Figure 2.16 Squeeze the Peg
• Figure 2.17 Soft Matte Filming
• Figure 2.18 Pan and Scan Transfer
• Figure 2.19 The Anamorphic Process
• Figure 2.20 Aspect Ratios, Conversions, and Displays
• Figure 2.21 Wide (Full) Mode on a Widescreen TV
• Figure 2.22 Expand (Theater) Mode on Widescreen TV
• Figure 2.23 Opening the Frame from 1.85 to 1.78
• Figure 2.24 Common Aspect Ratios
• Figure 2.25 Display Sizes at Equal Heights
• Figure 2.26 Relative Display Sizes for Letterbox Display
• Figure 2.27 Interlaced Scan and Progressive Scan
• Figure 2.28 Converting Film to Video
• Figure 2.29 DTV and HD Ready Logos
• Table 2.1 Image Data Stream Examples
• Table 2.2 Compression Ratios for Disc Technologies
• Chapter 3 – Features
• Table 3.1 Hollywood Studio Requirements for Next-Generation Formats
• Chapter 4 - Content Protection, Licencing, and Patents
• Figure 4.1 Copy Protection
• Figure 4.2 Content Protection Systems
• Figure 4.3 Sequence Key Example
• Figure 4.4 AACS Authentication Process
• Figure 4.5 Overview of BD-ROM Content Protection Systems
• Figure 4.6 Blu-ray Disc Regions
• Table 4.1 Allowed Analog Output Devices for AACS
• Table 4.2 Blu-ray Disc Regions
• Chapter 5 – Physical Disc Formats
• Figure 5.1 BD Disc Structure
• Figure 5.2 BD Disc Cartridges
• Figure 5.3 BD Dual-layer Construction
• Figure 5.4 Phase-Change Recording
• Figure 5.5 Burst Cutting Area
• Table 5.1 Physical Characteristics of BD
• Table 5.2 Blu-ray Disc Capacities
• Table 5.3 BD-RE Characteristics
• Table 5.4 BD-R Characteristics
• Chapter 6 – Application Details
• Figure 6.1 Blu-ray Disc Association Organizational Structure
• Figure 6.2 Structural Organization of BDAV Content
• Figure 6.3 Directory Structure of BDMV Disc
• Figure 6.4 Multiplexing Process
• Figure 6.5 Blu-ray Disc Presentation Planes
• Figure 6.6 Structural Organization of BDMV Content
• Figure 6.7 Display Formats of 4:3 Aspect Ratio Content
• Figure 6.8 Display Formats of 16:9 Aspect Ratio Content
• Figure 6.9 Interlaced versus Progressive Display Modes
• Figure 6.10 Camera Angles Example
• Figure 6.11 Seamless Playback Example
• Figure 6.12 Speaker Positioning for 7.1 Channel Configuration
• Figure 6.13 HDMV Multipage Menu Example
• Figure 6.14 BD-J System Overview
• Figure 6.15 BD-J Specification Structure
• Figure 6.16 Graphics Drawing in Source Mode
• Figure 6.17 Graphics Drawing in Source-over Mode
• Figure 6.18 Audio Mixer Components
• Figure 6.19 Workflow for Application Signing
• Figure 6.20 Credential Creation Process
• Figure 6.21 Generalized Block Diagram of an MPEG-2 Encoder
• Figure 6.22 Generalized Block Diagram of a VC-1 Encoder
• Figure 6.23 Generalized Block Diagram of an AVC Encoder
• Figure 6.24 Block Diagram of a Dolby TrueHD Decoder
• Figure 6.25 Block Diagram of a DTS-HD Lossless Decoder
• Figure 6.26 Example of Virtual Package
• Table 6.1 Blu-ray Disc Association Technical Expert Groups
• Table 6.2 Blu-ray disc Association Specification Books
• Table 6.3 Guide to BD Alphabet Soup
• Table 6.4 General Characteristics of BDMV Presentation Data
• Table 6.5 Comparison of HDMV and BD-J Features
• Table 6.6 Navigation Commands
• Table 6.7 Player Status Registers (PSRs)
• Table 6.8 User Operations (UO)
• Table 6.9 Virtual Key (VK) Events
• Table 6.10 Supported Resolutions and Frame Rates for Primary Video on Blu-ray Disc
• Table 6.11 Recommended Data Rate Limitations for Camera Angles
• Table 6.12 Allowed Combinations of Primary and Secondary Video Codecs
• Table 6.13 Allowed Combinations of Primary and Secondary Video Formats
• Table 6.14 Supported Primary Audio Formats for Blu-ray
• Table 6.15 Supported Secondary Audio Formats for Blu-ray
• Table 6.16 Correlation of PSD 13 Settings to MPAA Ratings
• Table 6.17 BD-J Memory Overview
• Table 6.18 BD-J API Overview
• Chapter 7 – Players
• Figure 7.1 RCA Phono Connector
• Figure 7.2 BNC Connector
• Figure 7.3 Phono/Miniphone Connector
• Figure 7.4 DIN-4 (S-video) Connector
• Figure 7.5 Toslink Connector
• Figure 7.6 IEEE 1394 Connector
• Figure 7.7 DB-25 Connector
• Figure 7.8 SCART Connector
• Figure 7.9 Type F Connector and Adapters
• Figure 7.10 RJ-45 Connector
• Figure 7.11 DVI Connector
• Figure 7.12 HDMI Connector
• Figure 7.13 DisplayPort Connector
• Figure 7.14 Example BD Remote Control
• Table 7.1 Blu-ray Disc Player Profiles and Features
• Table 7.2 Examples of Compatibility Problems
• Chapter 10 – Interactivity
• Figure 10.1 Studio Revenue in 2007
• Chapter 11 – Use in Business and Education
• Figure 11.1 The Authoring Environment Spectrum: Utility vs. Ease of Use
• Chapter 12 – Production Essentials
• Figure 12.1 Sample Disc Flowchart
• Figure 12.2 Navigation Flowchart Example
• Figure 12.3 Blu-ray Player Remote Control Example
• Figure 12.4 Data Rates vs Capacity
• Figure 12.5 Video Safe Areas
• Figure 12.6 Package Icons and Identifiers
• Figure 12.7 Sample PNG Mosaic Graphic
• Table 12.1 BD Project Examples
• Table 12.2 The BD Production Process
• Table 12.3 Disc Capacities for Bit Budgeting
• Table 12.4 Sample Bit Budget
• Table 12.5 Typical Project Assets
• Table 12.6 Video Graphics Checklist
• Table 12.7 Testing Checklist
• Chapter 13 – Blu-ray and Beyond
• Figure 13.1 US DVD and BD Penetration in the First Three Years
• Figure 13.2 DVD and BD Title Releases
• Figure 13.3 DVD and BD Disc Shipments
• Figure 13.4 Media Convergence in the Digital Age
• Table 13.1 Technology Penetration Rates-Years to Reach 50% of US Homes
• Appendix A – About the Disc
• Figure A.1 Disc Flowchart
• Appendix B – Reference Data
• Figure B.1 Conversion Formulas for Playing Times, Data Rate, and Size
• Figure B.2 Relationships of BD Formats
• Table B.1 BD, DVD, and CD Capacities and Playing Times
• Table B.2 Data Rates at Various Playing Times
• Table B.3 BD Stream Data Rates
• Table B.4 Limits on BD Elements
• Table B.5 Download Time for Various Payloads and Bandwidths
• Table B.6 Bandwidth Requirements for Desired Download Times
• Table B.7 DVD, HD DVD, BD, and CD Characteristics Comparison
• Table B.8 Video Resolutions
• Table B.9 ISO 3166 Country Codes, BD and DVD Regions
• Table B.10 ISO 639 Language Codes

 

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